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新托福寫作的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和雅思寫作的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本相似，在語言上的考察點也很高，所以新托福考試在語言上一定要引起高度的重視。詞匯的重要性，包括遣詞和造句兩個方面。這一系列中，阿博爾將為大家介紹其中之一，如何達到遣詞的高分。

遣詞要做到恰當(dāng)、有變化及具體表達

恰當(dāng)：

所謂恰當(dāng)，除了拼寫準(zhǔn)確外，主要是體現(xiàn)在搭配恰當(dāng)上。例如，修飾名詞的形容詞和名詞必須搭配恰當(dāng)，動詞和賓語必須搭配恰當(dāng)。此外，寫作時不能完全依賴翻譯，尤其是詞不達意的翻譯。否則，很有可能出現(xiàn)了錯誤的搭配，導(dǎo)致考官無法理解，下面是總結(jié)的一些常見的搭配錯誤：

1. prompt &promote

不少考生沒法區(qū)分兩個詞prompt(促使)和promote(促進)之間的區(qū)別。我們通過兩個句子來看一下。

錯誤用法：There are three factors that promote people to go abroad.

正確用法：There are three factors that prompt people to go abroad.

2. enrich & make … prosper

有些學(xué)生將enrich理解為“使 富裕”，雖然不能說全錯，但是現(xiàn)在主要的意思是“使 豐富”，如詞組：enrich one’s experience。

錯誤用法： Factories, which enrich the remote areas for example, may also lead to environmental problems.

正確用法： Factories which make the remote areas prosper, for example, may also lead to environmental problems.

3. train & develop

表示“培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)成”等意思時，容易不假思索地使用train，但是正確的詞匯是develop, cultivate, nurture等。如：

錯誤用法： The younger generations are hoped to train their independence as soon as possible.

正確用法： The younger generations are hoped to develop their independence as soon as possible.

有變化：

所謂有變化，就是指考生在寫作中，一個詞最好只出現(xiàn)一次，第二次或后幾次出現(xiàn)時用其他的詞來替換。替換的方法有同義詞，語法結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，以及下義詞等方法。下面將為考生們一一講解。

1. 同義詞

關(guān)于老年人的話題在新托福考試中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過，情況對“老年人”的多樣表達：

the elderly, the old, the aged, ageing population, the retired, senior citizens

下面是新托福材料中，摘抄的兩段話，非常形象的體現(xiàn)了一個詞的多樣表達，先看第一段，請大家注意“奇怪的”這個詞在這一段話中的使用：

Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?

又如，在下文中，四個詞形式不同，但都是“顯著的”意思。

In 1900, the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents---New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experiencedremarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles(114000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles.